Francis Stockbridge (1826-1894)

Kalamazoo senator had dream of a “Grand” Hotel

Like many early southern Michigan settlers, Francis Brown Stockbridge hailed from New England. His father was a physician, his mother the daughter of a Boston newspaper editor. Born in Bath, Maine in 1826, Stockbridge moved to Boston at the age of sixteen to clerk in a dry goods store. In 1847 he moved west to bustling Chicago and opened a lumberyard in partnership with a man named Carter.

Four years later he moved to Saugatuck, Michigan and built several sawmills on the Kalamazoo River. He married a local girl named Elizabeth Foster Arnold. Over the next 30 years, he amassed a fortune in the lumber industry.

Schooners loaded with lumber were sent to Chicago via the Kalamazoo River and Lake Michigan, and returned loaded with animal pelts. He owned several mills in a town called Singapore, which was near Saugatuck. Eventually the local lumber supply was exhausted. Once a thriving place, Singapore became a ghost town. Lake Michigan’s sand dunes, no longer impeded by trees, buried what was left of the town!

Kalamazoo Connection

In the 1870s the Stockbridges moved to Kalamazoo. They lived in a hilltop house at 120 Carmel Street, near West Main Street, which became a center of local social life and political activity. The home became a local landmark, known for housing a valuable collection of paintings and pottery. His wife Betsey lived there off and on until her death in 1904. Kalamazoo College purchased the house in 1922 and used it for campus housing and classrooms. Eventually it was boarded up, fell into disrepair and was demolished in 1940.

Stockbridge lived in Kalamazoo for the rest of his life, but he moved his lumber operations further north, to St. Ignace, Michigan, closer to the remaining trees. He formed the Mackinac Lumber Company, and had many other business interests including the Menominee River Company, and the Black River Lumber Company. He also served as president of the Kalamazoo Spring and Axle Company and maintained interests in pine forests in Mississippi, west coast lumber companies, and Upper Peninsula iron mines.

Senator Stockbridge

In addition to his business interests, Stockbridge also got involved in politics, serving as a Republican in the Michigan House of Representatives and then the Senate from 1869 to 1873. He was later elected to two terms as a United State senator, serving from 1887 until his death in 1894. Livingstone’s History of the Republican Party said that “he was distinguished for his tact as an organizer, his calm insight and prudence as a manager, and his great ability in committee work in every form.”

The Grand Hotel

In 1882, Stockbridge purchased land on Mackinac Island, which had a splendid view of the Straits of Mackinac, with the intent of building a large hotel. Two years later he and his wife had a handsome summer “cottage” built just to the west. Stockbridge is widely regarded to be the guiding force behind the construction of the Grand Hotel, which was built on this site. The Michigan Central Railroad, the Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad, and the Detroit & Cleveland Navigation Company steamship line formed a stock corporation called the Mackinac Hotel Company for the purpose of enticing Stockbridge to sell the land to the corporation. They wanted to build a hotel to attract summer tourists to the region.

The sale of the land was contingent on Stockbridge’s approval of the hotel plans. He rejected many offers because the hotel plans he saw were “not grand enough.” Finally a design by George Mason of Detroit pleased all concerned, so the land was sold to the corporation. Construction began in 1886, and the Grand Hotel opened on July 10, 1887. A hotel management firm was hired to operate it. Over the years Michigan’s most famous hotel has hosted presidents, celebrities, and political hopefuls. The Grand Hotel is best known for its long front porch. At 660 feet, it is supposedly the longest in the world.

In addition to his other business and political interests, Stockbridge loved fast horses. He had a financial interest in the widely known S. A Browne & Company of Kalamazoo, which specialized in raising fine race horses. As charitable as they were social, the Stockbridges also made generous donations to the Children’s Home of Kalamazoo, the Academy of Music,  the local YMCA, and Kalamazoo College among other things.

The senator died in Chicago on April 30, 1894, after a brief illness, and was buried in Mountain Home Cemetery. His name continues in Stockbridge Avenue in Kalamazoo’s Edison Neighborhood.

Written by Jerry Marshall, Kalamazoo Public Library Intern, December 2009. Last updated in August 2011.